郑州八方机器制造有限公司

结构及工作原理
(一)结构
该系列机组主要由自动控制部分、加热压榨部份、调整部份、传动部份和真空滤油五大部份组成。
1、自动控制系统有:空气开关、交流接触器、温度控制仪、电路自动保护 装制等组成。
2、加热压榨部分由加热器、榨螺及榨条、机体装配等组成。
3、传动部分由主轴及减速箱、皮带轮、电机轮等组成。
4、调整部分由调整螺杆、调整螺母、子柄、锁紧螺母等组成.。
5、真空滤油部分由真空泵、滤油桶管路等装配组成。
(二)工作原理
动力减速后传给主轴，装在主轴上的榨螺随着旋转，将螺纹间的油料不断地 向前推进，由于榨膛与榨螺间的空间逐渐缩小，油料的密度增加，因而压力逐渐增大。在压榨过程中，由于该机系自动力日热，经自动控温装置，增加机体主机温度，从而减轻劳动强度，机体的磨损，省工、省电、省时，在油料颗粒之间，油料与零件之间发生磨擦，产生了热量。这样就构成了榨油工艺的压力、热量两大要素，破坏油料的组织细胞，油从油线中溢出，饼则从出饼头与出饼口间被推出。 当溢出的油通过油盘流入滤油桶上面时，真空泵把桶内空气抽出。桶内形成负压，油就通过滤布，被抽进桶内，而油渣就被隔离在滤布上面，这时得到的是纯正的油液。
安装
(一)榨油机安装时，四周留出足够空间，供工作人员操作使用。
(二)先将机座下的四条地脚螺栓进行调整，使机器置于水平位置，然后把滤油桶调整到水平状态。
(三)机器安装好后，在离机器3-5m处打上O.5-1m深的地线方可工作。

操作及使用
(一)使用前必须先仔细阅读说明书，熟悉本机的性能特点和操作方法。

(二)开机前,必须进行一次全面检查，各紧固件不得松动，手柄转动灵活， 用手转动皮带轮，各运转零部件应正常，不得有异常响声。随后在接速箱内加注20号机械油。
(三)松开锁紧螺母，逆时针转动调整螺杆，使榨螺的锥面抵紧出饼口的锥面，然后顺时针旋出调整螺杆2-3mm，再旋紧锁紧螺母，准备开机。

(四)打开电器箱门，把箱内的电源开关合闸开启 (置于合的位置，即整机电源接通。
(五)调节温控仪，调到压榨所需温度ISO-200°C (根据油料而定)。扭动 总加热开关对机器进行加热升温,这时温控仪上的绿灯亮、红灯熄灭，机器的温度是自动控制并维持在设定温度150-200°C，冬天气温低时，把油盘加热开关开启，使油盘温度升高，便于油液流下。

(六)按动主机正转按扭，主机开始运转、旋转方向应为顺时针旋转。
(七)新榨油机安装后应进行2-8小时磨榨，方法是用己榨过油的饼料(菜籽饼、大豆饼、棉饼或棉壳、稻谷壳均可)从料斗缓缓喂入、反复回榨，使榨螺 磨光、油饼、成型顺畅，切记开始榨不要将料直接倒入料斗内，而以手抓喂入为宜，以防榨螺轴卡死。如喂料过猛，榨膛内出现异常响声或榨螺轴卡死，应立即停车，消除梗阻，或重新装配好后再起动磨榨，严禁强行拖车或反转倒料。

(八)正常榨油时，必须保持进料均匀,切勿过多过少或断料空转。此时机器负荷正常，运转平稳，响声有节奏。出饼厚度正常控制在0.5-21mm出饼顺畅,，低压段基本无渣，高压段有少量油渣，但渣在油中的比例不大于10%，榨膛内温度可达150-200度，出饼口处冒出青烟应通过护罩由抽烟管排出。榨出热饼要及时摊开，以免产生自燃现象。当连续工作时间过长，机温过高时，应采取电扇吹风等降温措施。
(九)当压榨出的油流入滤油桶上面时，按动真空泵按扭，真空泵开始运转，滤油桶内的空气就被抽出，桶内形成负压，上面的油就自然流入滤桶，而油渣就被隔离在滤布上面，待压榨完毕，油被抽完后，停止真空泵运转，开启滤油桶上的阀门，滤布在形成干渣，用刮刀刮去，就可把滤油桶内的纯正油从油桶底部阀门放出。
(十)停机前停止进料，同时松开出饼口，然后投入少量饼屑，待榨膛内余料排尽，出饼口不再出饼方可停机。停机后将调螺杆逆时针旋出1-3圈， 再断开电源。

The structure and principle of work

(1) structure

This series unit mainly by the automatic control part, the heating squeezing part, the adjustment part, the transmission part and the vacuum filter oil five major parts is composed.

1st, the automatic control system includes: The air switch, exchanges the contact device, the temperature control meter, the electric circuit automatic protection installs compositions and so on system.

2nd, the heating squeezing part by the heater, presses out the spiral and presses out the strip, organism assembly and so on is composed.

3rd, the transmission part by the main axle and the decelerator, the belt pulley, the electricity motorized ship and so on is composed.

4th, the adjustment part by adjusts the screw rod, the adjusting nut, the sub-handle, the locking nut and so on is composed. .

5th, the vacuum filter oil part by the vacuum pump, filters assemblies and so on oil drum pipeline to be composed.

(2) Principle of work

Powered deceleration rear-drive gives the main axle, installs presses out the spiral on the main axle along with revolving, prompts forward unceasingly the thread fuel oils, because presses out the chest cavity with to press out space between spiral's to reduce gradually, fuel oils density increase, thus the pressure increases gradually. In squeezing process, because this machine is the ultromotivity date is hot, after controls the warm installment automatically, the increase organism main engine temperature, thus reduces the labor intensity, organism attrition, the labor saving, the province electricity, time-saving, between the fuel oils pellet, between the fuel oils and the components has the friction, has had the quantity of heat.Like this constituted has extracted oil the craft pressure, the thermal two big essential factors, the destruction fuel oils organization cell, the oil overflows from the oil line, the cake from left cake to promote with the cake mouth between. When overflows the oil flows in through the oil disk when filters above the oil drum, the vacuum pump the barrel in the air extracts.In the barrel forms the negative pressure, the oil on through filters the cloth, is selected for advancement in the barrel, but the deisel oil on is isolated in filters above the cloth, by now obtained was the pure fat liquor.

Operates and uses before

(1) Use to have to be first careful reads the instruction booklet, familiar this aircraft performance characteristic and operating procedure.

(2) Before starting, must carry on a comprehensive inspection, various fasteners do not have to become less crowded, the handle rotation is nimble, with the hand starting belt pulley, each revolution spare part should be normal, must not have the unusual sound.Afterwards in meets in the fast box the replenishment 20 lubricating oil.

(3) loosens locks the nut, the anti-clockwise rotation adjustment screw rod, causes to press out spiral's conical surface to arrive tightens the cake mouth the conical surface, then clockwise turns on lathe adjustment screw rod 2-3mm, again tightens locks the nut starting, the preparation.

(4) opens the electric appliance box gate, switches on the box in power switch the position which opening (puts in gathers, namely complete machine power source connection.

(5) adjusts the temperature control unit, adjusts squeezing to need the temperature ISO-200°C (to decide according to fuel oils).Sways from side to side always heats up the switch to carry on the heating to the machine to elevate temperature, by now on the temperature control unit green light bright, the red candle extinguishment, the machine temperature was the automatic control and maintains at the hypothesis temperature 150-200°C, when in the winter temperature low, oil disk heating switch opening, causes the oil disk temperature increment, is advantageous for the fat liquor to flow off.

(6) presses the main engine clockwise to press turns, the main engine starts to revolve, the hand of rotation should be the clockwise rotation.

(7) After new oil press installment should carry on for 2-8 hour to rub presses out, the method is the cake material which presses out with oneself fries in oil (rapeseed cake, big bean cake, cotton and kapok cake or cotton and kapok shell, rice hull may) feed slowly into from the hopper, repeatedly returns to presses out, causes to press out the spiral polish, the oil cake, the formation is smooth, was sure to remember starts to press out do not have to expect pours into directly in the hopper, but grasps take the hand feeds into as suitably, guards against presses out the screw axis deactivation.If feeds expects excessively fiercely, presses out in the chest cavity to appear the unusual sound or to press out the screw axis deactivation, should stop immediately, eliminates the obstruction, after or assembles starts again rubs presses out, forbid strictlys forcefully the trailer or the reverse expects but actually.

(8) When extracts oil normally, must maintain feeding to be even, is sure not excessively many too few or breaks the material idle operation.This time the machine load is normal, the revolution is steady, the sound has the rhythm.Leaves the cake thickness normal control to leave the cake in 0.5-21mm to be smooth, the low pressure section does not have the dregs basically, the high-pressured section has the few deisel oils, but the dregs is not bigger than 10% in oil proportion, presses out in the chest cavity the temperature to be possible to amount to 150-200 degree, leaves the cake mouth place to emit the blue smoke to be supposed by to smoke the tube through the guard shield to discharge.Extracts the hot cake to have to spread out promptly, in order to avoid has the spontaneous combustion phenomenon.When the continuous working time has grown, when machine has heated high, should adopt temperature decrease measures and so on electric fan blowing.

(9) when squeezes the oil stream enters when filters above the oil drum, presses the vacuum pump to press turns, the vacuum pump starts to revolve, filters in the oil drum the air to extract, in the barrel forms the negative pressure, above oil on nature inflow filter drum, but the deisel oil on is isolated in filters above the cloth, waits squeezing to finish, after the oil is pulled out, stops the vacuum pump revolution, opening filters on the oil drum the valve, filters the cloth in to form does the dregs, scrapes off with the shaving knife, may filter in the oil drum the pure oil to emit from the oil drum base valve.

(10)Before the engine off stops feeding, simultaneously loosens the cake mouth, then the investment few cake filings, treat press out in the chest cavity -odd material to drain away, leave the cake mouth no longer to leave the cake only then engine off.After the engine off will adjust the screw rod anti-clockwise to turn on lathe 1-3, again will separate the power source.

维护保养
(一)每工作50小时后应检查润滑情况，减速箱上面的油坯不得缺油，榨螺轴调整螺杆轴承调整螺杆孔加注黄油一次，严禁干磨c。

(二)各润滑部位应防止灰尘和其他杂物侵入，每年需检查减速箱的机油质量一次，如发现变质，应更换全部机油。
(三)当生产量降低，出饼或出油不正常时，应将榨螺轴抽出，检查榨螺、榨 条、出饼口的磨损情况，磨损零件要及时更换。
(四)每班工作结束后，应清除机内残饼、擦干净机器表面灰尘、油垢。

(五)生产季节结束长期存放时，应进行一次保养，并将榨螺、榨条、出饼口拆洗重新涂油，放在干燥处。

几种主要油料的压榨方法(供参考)
(一)对油料入榨前的预处理工序要求:

1、对油料干燥、精选。油料入榨前应晒干、扬净,使其水份不大于12%,杂 质不大于0.5% ，特别应注意的是，许多用户忽略了油料精选这一必不可少的预处理工序，以为可有可无。殊不知，不经精选或精选得不好的油料，灰尘会堵塞油路，砂石会加快对零件的磨损，不仅对榨油机正常工作有影响，而且还会大大缩短榨螺、榨条、出饼口使用寿命。如油料中混有石块、金属等硬物，会立刻损坏榨螺。因此，一定要重视搞好油料精选这一关，可收到事半功倍的效果，本厂生产有颗料精选机供用户采用。
2、剥壳去皮，对带壳的油料如棉籽、花生等进行剥壳，可提高榨油机对油料的处理量和出油率。本厂配套的花生剥壳机、花生脱皮机、棉籽脱绒机、芝麻脱皮机供用户采用。
3、破碎轧坯，本机不经此工序处理亦能榨油，但轧胚后对提高处理量和出油率，减轻榨螺的磨损均有好处，特别是油菜籽经轧胚后，效果更佳。

4、炒籽。本机虽可适应冷榨，但热榨的生产率和油量均高于冷榨。油料烘 炒时，应火力适中，翻动均匀，防止炒焦或外焦里生。推荐使用我厂生产的配套 产品DZ-450、550型自动炒籽机。

(二)主要油料作物的压榨方法:

1、芝麻：入榨前将籽炒至淡灰色，有爆裂现象，用手捏籽有油液流出，炒籽时用大火猛炒，温度120-150度，饼厚O.7-1.5毫米 ，炒籽合适，出饼流油顺畅， 油中基本无渣，饼为长条形状，一遍榨干。
2、菜籽:因为南北原料水份不一，炒前加4-6%，南方不不加(根据原料本身水份多少而定)，先用大火猛炒到菜籽烫手，开始有爆裂响声为止，再转用小火炒至菜籽开片呈棕红色，炒籽过程中，不得加水，入榨时菜籽温度120-130度，水份约1-1.5%炒籽是否合适，可从流油出饼的状态观察。炒籽合适，出饼流油顺畅，油中基本无渣。饼厚l-1.5毫米，呈小片状，棕红色。
3、花生仁:炒籽前将花生仁浸湿一遍，炒籽过程中还应适量加入水份， 使仁保持良好的柔软性和充足的水分，将仁炒到八成熟，用手捏仁达到仁、皮分离，仁破裂成两瓣即可入榨，饼厚O.7mm，饼呈长条皱纹状。出油顺畅。

4、棉籽仁:入榨前将油料炒至淡黄色，温度120一130度， 饼厚1-1.5mm (南方、北方的含水分不一，适当掌握水分)。
5、大豆:入榨前炒至爆裂可食，温度120-130度，饼厚O.7mm。一遍榨干， 但一遍榨干的饼料过焦，使其蛋白质损失很大。一般采用两遍榨干的工艺处理方法。将大豆炒至六、七成熟，入榨温度80-100°C，水份5-6% ，第一遍饼厚1.52mm，第二遍饼厚O.7mm，饼为长条形皱纹状，出油率高、处理量多。

主要原料榨油性能